ENGLISH NOTE - 2

READING COMPREHENSION

Text / Passage

Diartikan sebagai paragraf – paragraf yang tidak memiliki judul.

Aspek-Aspek yang terkait pada Reading Comprehension:

1.     Main Idea/Topic/Best Title/Purpose

Ini dapat diartikan sebagai ide pokok dari text passage.

2.     Detail and Negative Question

a.      Detail : Pertanyaan-pertanyaan basic seperti what, who, where, why, when, how     (5W + 1H).

      Jawaban dari pertanyaan ini sudah pasti ada di dalam masing-masing text passage.

b.     Negative : Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti

·     Not true

·     Except

·     Not mentioned

·     Not stated

Jawaban dari pertanyaan ini belum pasti ada di dalam text passage.

3.     Shimming dan Scanning

a.  Shimming : membaca teks langsung pada intinya atau membaca cepat atau memahami satu kalimat dari saru paragraf.

     Contoh Words : “they” in paragraf 2 refers to…

     Pasti kita langsung melihat dan membaca paragraf ke 2 dari text passage.

b.    Scanning: membaca teks dari awal cerita seperti membaca novel.

Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa keduanya sama-sama untuk memahami text passage.

4.     Vocabulary

Kosa kata yang terdapat didalam text passage.

5.     Reference/Rujukan

Contoh My mother is teacher. She is beautiful.

    “She” merujuk pada “My mother”.

6.     Inferrence/Simpulan

Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari text passage yang disajikan.

ARTIKEL

Editor's Letter

LAST YEAR WE PUBLISHED an article about African – American sculptor Barbara Chase – Riboud, whose fiber – and – metal sculptures were a revelation when I saw them at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 2013. Some of her abstract works from the 1960s and 1970s are dedicated to Malcolm  X, as indicated in their titles, suggesting a political message. The article revealed that Chase – Riboud was criticized at the time for failing to address racial injustice in a more direct way via her art. In our current issue, curator Adrienne Edwards considers how African – American artists engage with both abstraction and race through an examination of works by Adam Pendleton. In parsing the Virginia – born, New York – based artist's paintings and videos, she proposes new ideas about the interaction of blackness, abstraction and conceptualism.

Although Chinese multi – medium artist Wang Jianwei has confronted sociopolitical topics in the past his debut at New York's Guggenheim Museum reflects a shift toward formalism. Richard Wine, A.i.A.’s managing editor, offers a context for thinking about the abstract paintings and geometric wooden sculptures of the midcareer artist, better known in China than abroad.

A different sensibility prevails in the work of German sculptor Cosima von Bonin, as evidenced by her survey at Vienna’s MUMOK. The show reminds A.i.A. contributing editor Faye Hirsch of "a big, free – wheeling, artist – directed installation. “Hirsch assesses that artist's place in the heady and mostly male Cologne art scene, considering how von Bonin's 25 years of art – making reflects her intelligence and wit as well as her attention in to the well – crafted object.

Swiss artist Pamela Rosenkranz may come from a younger generation, but she also employs humor and surprise – though the results are often restrained. For a recent show, Rosenkranz made paintings in a gallery while under the influence of Viagra. The resulting silvered, pink and flesh – toned abstract works are graceful and elegant and yet also bizarre once the method of their making is revealed. Aoife Rosenmeyer visited the artist in he Zurich studio soon after she was tapped to represent Switzerland in the upcoming Venice Biennale.

Another Swiss artist has designed the cover. Ugo Rondinone takes the rainbow, essentially an optical illusion, and transforms it into a jubilant crayon – scribbled landscape. The artist often presents simple but symbolically loaded imagery, including clowns, trees and the cosmos. I love that this cover appears incredibly simple and childlike but can be endlessly evocative.

Note :

Example : Subject

Example : Main Verb

Vocabulary :

·         Sculptor              : Pematung

·         Fiber                   : Serat

·         Sculptures          : Patung

·         Revelation          : Wahyu

·         Dedicated          : Didedikasikan

·         Indicated            : Diindikasikan

·         Suggesting         : Menyarankan

·         Revealed            : Mengungkapan

·         Engage               : Mengikutsertakan

·         Criticized           : Dikritik

·         Racial                 : Rasial

·         Injustice             : Ketidakadilan

·         Blackness           : Kegelapan

·         Conceptualism   : Konseptualisme

·         Confronted        : Dihadapkan

·         Wooden             : Kayu

·         Midcareer           : Pertengahan karir

·         Sensibility          : Sensabilitas

·         Prevails               : Teruskan

·         Evidenced          : Terbukti

·         Considering        : Menimbang

·         Crafted               : Dibuat

·         Restrained          :Tertahan

·         Bizarre                : Aneh

·         Essentially          : Intinya

·         Endlessly            : Tanpa henti

·         Evocative           : Evokatif

Sumber : Art in America January 2015,Lindsay Pollock

ENGLISH NOTE - 1

MENGENAL SUBJECT DAN VERB
Dasarnya adalah Sentence (kalimat) minimal tersusun atas subject dan verb.

SENTENCE = SUBJECT + VERB

A.   SUBJECT

Subject terdiri atas 5 macam, yaitu :

1.      Noun (Kata benda) : Kata benda yang selalu ditandai dengan awalan a, an, the.
Examples: a chair, a table, a door, etc.
Namun ada juga 'Noun' yang berimbuhan.
Examples:

·      Berimbuhan (…-ment) ex. advertisement, statement, management, argument, etc.

·      Berimbuhan (…-ure) ex. insecure, failure, departure, signature, pleasure, etc.

·      Berimbuhan (…-ion) ex. combination, education, invitation, collection, etc.

·      Berimbuhan (…-er/or) ex. reader, sailor, director, productor, composer, farmer, etc.

·      Berimbuhan (…-y) ex. delivery, recovery, discovery, injury, etc.

·      Berimbuhan (…-ity) ex. reality, activity, creativity, ability, etc.

        2.      Pronoun (Kata ganti benda)
        He; She; It; I; You; They; We.
        Example: She is a beautiful, Her name is Siska, etc.
        3.      Gerund : Verb + ing
        Examples: Drawing is my hobby, Swimming is your favorite job, etc.
        4.      To Infinitive : To + Verb–1
        Example: To get up in the morning is very healthy, etc.
        5.      Clause (Connector/Conjunction) : Anak kalimat, yang minimal punya Subject + Verb dan              biasanya di tambahkan sebuah konjungsi.

        Klausa atau konjungsi artinya kata sambung.
        Example: Who you are is not my concern, etc.

B.    VERB

Verb ada dua macam, yaitu :

1.      Main Verb : Kata kerja utama yang berdampingan langsung dengan Subject dan hanya selalu menggunakan bentuk Verb–1 dan Verb–2.
Eat, go, goes, ate, etc.
Ada juga main verb yang diberi imbuhan.
Examples:

·      Berimbuhan (...-ize) Ex. Memorize, Maximize, Minimize,etc.

·      Berimbuhan (...-ify) Ex. Simplify,etc.

·      Berimbuhan (...-ate) Ex. Communicate, activate,etc.

      2.      Aux Verb : Kata kerja bantu

·      To be = be / is, am, are / was, were / been.
Examples:

a.    She is a student >>> Subject + Verb + Noun
(Noun: a; an; the)

b.   She is beautiful >>> Subject + Verb + Adjective
(Adjective: imbuhan(-ous) ex. fabulous, (-able) ex. markable, (-tive)ex. talkative).

c.    The book is on the table >>> Subject + Verb + Adverb of place
(Preposition: on, between, in, at, etc).

d.   They are studying >>> Subject + To be + Verb–ing

(Digunakan pada saat ada to be).

e.    The cake is eaten by Budi >>> Subject + To be + Verb–3
(Dalam kalimat passive)

·      Modals = Harus diikuti dengan kata kerja dasar (Verb-1) tanpa tamahan apa pun.

(can, must, should, could, would, will, may, etc)
Modals digunakan langsung/direct.
Examples:

a.    We must go.

b.   I can fly.

c.    I shall cook fried chicken.

·      Has/Have/Had : Diikuti dengan Verb – 3.

(Has/Have/Had + Verb3)
Examples:

a.    The door has been closed.

b.   Runi has bought a book.

c.    The book will be delivered tomorrow.

·      Do/Does/Did